Earth

Overview
Earth is the home of the humans and was, for a long time, thought to be the only planet in the universe to harbor life. Earth is home to roughly 10 billion humans, and, overall, quintillions of individual living organisms. About 70% of Earth's surface is covered in water, with the remaining 30% being land. If not for human intervention, Earth would've been completely destroyed by the year 2117.

Earth is home to many, many different species and forms of life. Over time, human effort has stopped Earth from becoming overpolluted and uninhabitable.

Climate
Earth has a temperate climate across its surface overall. There are exceptions, of course, with such a variety of biomes; the poles are frigid wastelands, the deserts' heat unlivable, as well as a multitude of uninhabitable areas, such as high mountain ranges.

Human intervention has stopped the climate of Earth from becoming completely out of the livable range, even if for a significant portion of their history humans clearly weren't improving the climate.

Current State
Earth is a massive hotspot of human (and alien) activity. Over time, the planet has developed into a central hub of space traffic, with a constant, unending stream of starships going about their business. The planet is also one of the most heavily defended things in the universe, with an entire defense array of starships, weaponry, and defense platforms completely surrounding the entire planet. Every attempt to attack or invade Earth was a humiliating failure, with no survivors left after the attackers were completely massacred by Earth's defenders.

Politics
Earth's political climate is hot and unstable, with entire countries coming and going in relatively short amounts of time. The only political entities that remain stable are world superpowers, such as the United States, which also have a complete monopoly on interstellar travel. World superpowers themselves are massive entities, with the United States taking up the entirety of North America as of 2117.

Some smaller countries are able to stick around, though in rare cases. Examples include Iceland, Mexico, and Canada (though Canada was pushed out of North America by the United States and now resides in parts of South America and Greenland).

Economy
The world economy is spread out roughly evenly among the different types of economy there are. There's plenty of money to be made in any industry you can imagine; the FTL industry, mining, resource refinement, manufacturing, agriculture-- the list goes on.